Which of the following is the common feature for vertebro-sternal and vertebro-chondral ribs?

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Both are articulated to sternum directly.

Both have costal cartilage towards vertebrae.

Both are true ribs.

Both are articulated to thoracic vertebrae on one side.

answer is D.

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Detailed Solution

Vertebro-sternal ribs: These are the first seven pairs of ribs that are directly attached to the sternum by their own costal cartilages. Each vertebro-sternal rib has a separate connection to the sternum. The first seven ribs are also known as "true ribs" because they have a direct, independent attachment to the sternum.
Vertebra-chondral ribs: These are the next three pairs of ribs (8th, 9th, and 10th) that do not have a direct connection to the sternum. Instead, their costal cartilages attach to the cartilage of the rib above them. The 8th, 9th, and 10th ribs are also known as "false ribs" because they indirectly attach to the sternum through the costal cartilage of the 7th rib.
Vertebro-sternal and vertebra-chondral ribs articulate to thoracic vertebrae by forked nature: The articulation of all ribs (both vertebro-sternal and vertebra-chondral) to the thoracic vertebrae occurs at the posterior end of the rib where it has two separate articulation points (bicephalic) with the vertebral bodies of adjacent thoracic vertebrae.

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