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Q.

Which of the following is used as catalyst for the esterification of carboxylic acid and alcohol? 

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a

Sulphuric acid 

b

Sulphurous acid 

c

Nitric acid 

d

Nitrous acid 

answer is B.

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Detailed Solution

The classic synthesis is the Fischer esterification, which involves treating a carboxylic acid with an alcohol in the presence of a dehydrating agent: 
RCO2H + R′OH ⇌ RCO2R′ + H2O 
The equilibrium constant for such reactions is about 5 for typical esters, e.g., ethyl acetate. The reaction is slow in the absence of a catalyst. Sulphuric acid is a typical catalyst for this reaction. 

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