Which of the following statements are correct?

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The addition across C = O group is an electrophilic addition reaction

Aryl halides are less reactive than alkyl halides towards nucleophilic reagents

In acylium ion, the structure $R - C \equiv \overset{+}{O}$ is more stable than $R - \overset{+}{C} = O$

$S_{N} 2$ reactions follow second – order kinetics.

answer is B.

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Detailed Solution

(A) The addition across C = 0 group nucleophilic addition reaction.

(B) This is due to the following two factors.

(i) Decocalization of electrons

The delocalization imparts a partial double bond character to C – X bond making it stronger than C – X bond in alkyl halide.

(ii) Different in hybrization of carbon

In alkyl halides, the carbon to which the halogens I attached is $s p^{2}$ hybridized while in aryl halide it is $s p^{2}$ hybridized. Therefore, the C – X bond in latter is shorter than in former.

(C) the acylium ion $R - C \equiv \overset{+}{O} :$ is more stable than , $R - C \equiv \overset{+}{O} :$ the ordinary carbonium ion.. In the former the octer of every atom is complete while in the latter it is latter it is not so, as in the case of C atom which has only 6 eleactrons.