Which of the following statements is incorrect?

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‘Copper matte’ is a mixture of $C u_{2} S$ and FeS.

Wrought iron (or malleable iron) is the purest form of commercial iron and is prepared from cast iron by oxidizing impurities in a reverberatory furnace lined with haematite.

The reduction of a metal oxide is very difficult if the metal formed is in liquid state at the temperature of reduction.

From low grade copper ores, copper is extracted by hydrometallurgy (acid or bacteria leaching followed by reduction with scrap iron or $H_{2}$ ).

answer is D.

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Detailed Solution

The reduction of a metal oxide easier if the metal formed is in liquid state at the temperature of reduction. The entropy is higher if the metal is in liquid state than when it is in solid state. The value of entropy change $(Δ S)$ of the reduction process is more on +Ve side when the metal formed is in liquid state and the metal oxide being reduced is in solid state. Thus the value of $Δ_{r} G^{\circ}$ becomes more on negative side and the reduction becomes easier.

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