Which of the following statements is incorrect?
i) Genes that code for a pair of contrasting traits are known as alleles, i.e., they are slightly different forms of the same gene.
ii) T is used for the tall trait and t for the ‘dwarf’ and T and t are alleles of each other.
iii) Allele may be homozygous, TT and tt, or heterozygous Tt.
iv) To determine the genotype of a tall plant, Mendel crossed the tall plant with a dwarf plant.
v) In a typical test crossing, an organism showing a dominant phenotype is crossed with any parent instead of self-crossing.
vi) Based on his observations on monohybrid crosses, Mendel proposed three general rules.

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(ii), (iv) and (v)

(ii), (iv) and (vi)

(i), (ii) and (iii)

(v) and (vi)

answer is C.

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Detailed Solution

v. In a typical test cross, an organism showing a dominant phenotype is crossed with a homozygous recessive individual (not any parent). This is done to determine if the dominant phenotype organism carries one or two copies of the dominant allele. The use of a homozygous recessive individual as the other parent simplifies the interpretation of the results.

vi. Based on his observations on monohybrid crosses, Mendel proposed two general rules. The law of dominance and the law of segregation are based on the monohybrid cross. The law of independent assortment is based on the dihybrid cross.

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