Q.

Which of the following statements is not true?

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a

Homology indicates common ancestry.

b

Analogous structures are a result of convergent evolution.

c

Flippers of penguins and dolphins are a pair of homologous organs.

d

Sweet potato and potato is an example of analogy.

answer is D.

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Detailed Solution

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Flippers of penguins and dolphins are analogous organs. Penguins (birds) and dolphins (mammals) have different evolutionary origins. Both got adapted to swim in water with the help of flippers. This is an example of convergent evolution.
(1) Analogous structures are structures that have the same function, but have different evolutionary origins (e.g., wings of birds and those of insects). These structures are a result of convergent evolution, which is the process where organisms that are not closely related evolve similar traits in response to similar environmental pressures. 
(2) Potato (stem tuber) and sweet potato (root tuber) are an example of analogy because they share similar function (store reserve food), but they have different evolutionary origins. Potatoes are members of the Solanaceae family, while sweet potatoes belong to the Convolvulaceae family.
(3) Homology is the similarity due to common ancestry. Since homologous structures have been inherited from a common ancestor, they share the same basic structural plan though they might have different functions.

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Which of the following statements is not true?