Which of the following statements is true about cell signaling?

(a) In plants, the cell signaling occurs through phytohormones

(b) Cell signaling is used to study the context of human diseases

(c) Cell signaling is used to study the signaling between cells of an organism

(d) All of the above

The correct answer is (d) All of the above.

Cell signaling is a fundamental biological process that encompasses a wide range of functions and applications. All the given statements accurately describe different facets of it.

(a) Cell Signaling in Plants via Phytohormones

This statement is true. Plants, like animals, need to coordinate the activities of their cells. They do this using chemical messengers known as phytohormones (plant hormones). These molecules travel throughout the plant to regulate processes like growth, flowering, fruit ripening, and response to environmental stress.

Key examples include:

• Auxins, which are involved in stem elongation and root growth.
• Cytokinins, which promote cell division (cytokinesis).