Which of the following substituents is ortho or para directing in the electrophilic substitution reactions in the benzene ring?

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$- {NH}_{2}$

$- CHO$

$- COOH$

$- {NO}_{2}$

answer is A.

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Detailed Solution

The NH₂ group in aniline is ortho and para guiding group because due to resonance, they will release electrons to the ring and at the same time remove the electrons towards themselves due to +1 impact from the aromatic ring.

$- {NH}_{2}$ group is electron-releasing group and is thus ortho or para directing.

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