Which of the following was/were a European managing agency(s) operating in colonial India?

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An Intiative by Sri Chaitanya

Bird Heilgers & Co.

Andrew Yule

Both of the above

None of the above

answer is C.

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Detailed Solution

Andrew Yule and Bird Heiglers & Co. were European managing agencies operating in colonial India. These agencies dominated industrial production in India. They helped acquire land at cheap rates from the colonial government, established tea and coffee plantations, and invested money in mining, indigo, and jute. Most of these products are used for export trade. As a result, most of the large-scale Indian industries were controlled by Andrew Yule and Bird Heiglers & Co. till the First World War. These agencies mainly mobilised capital and managed and set up joint stock companies.

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