Which of the following were formed as independent states in the 18th Century?

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Awadh

Hyderabad

None of the above.

Both of the above.

answer is C.

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Detailed Solution

Awadh and Hyderabad were the two independent states formed in the 18th Century.
The 18th Century was marked by drastic changes in the map of India. This was mainly due to the Mughal Empire's continuous decline after Aurangzeb's death in 1707. The period before Aurangzeb was considered the great Mughal period, and the later period of Aurangzeb's death was the period of weak Mughal rulers who were inefficient in controlling the vast Empire. The main provinces, like Hyderabad, Awadh, Bengal etc., emerged during this period as independent kingdoms under the able administration of Nizam ul Mulk, Burhan ul Mulk Saadat Khan and Murshid Khuli Khan, respectively. They had changed the jagirdari system and the revenue administration to control finances efficiently.

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