Which of the two ions Ca+2 Or Zn+2 is more stable. Why?

Answer: Zn²⁺ is more stable than Ca²⁺.Explanation:Electronic configurationCalcium (Ca, Z=20): [Ar] 4s²Ca²⁺ → [Ar] (loses 2 electrons)Noble gas configuration → stable, but not exceptionally.Zinc (Zn, Z=30): [Ar] 3d¹⁰ 4s²Zn²⁺ → [Ar] 3d¹⁰ (loses 2 electrons from 4s)Achieves a completely filled 3d¹⁰ subshell → extra stability.Stability factorCompletely filled orbitals (like d¹⁰) impart greater stability due to symmetrical distribution and exchange energy.Ca²⁺ is stable as an alkaline earth ion, but Zn²⁺ is comparatively more stable because of the filled d-subshell.Final Answer:Between Ca²⁺ and Zn²⁺, Zn²⁺ is more stable because it has a completely filled 3d¹⁰ configuration, whereas Ca²⁺ has only a noble gas configuration without the added stability of a filled d-orbital.

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Which of the two ions Ca⁺² Or Zn⁺² is more stable. Why?

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Detailed Solution

Answer: Zn²⁺ is more stable than Ca²⁺.

Explanation:

Electronic configuration
- Calcium (Ca, Z=20): [Ar] 4s²
  - Ca²⁺ → [Ar] (loses 2 electrons)
  - Noble gas configuration → stable, but not exceptionally.
- Zinc (Zn, Z=30): [Ar] 3d¹⁰ 4s²
  - Zn²⁺ → [Ar] 3d¹⁰ (loses 2 electrons from 4s)
  - Achieves a completely filled 3d¹⁰ subshell → extra stability.
Stability factor
- Completely filled orbitals (like d¹⁰) impart greater stability due to symmetrical distribution and exchange energy.
- Ca²⁺ is stable as an alkaline earth ion, but Zn²⁺ is comparatively more stable because of the filled d-subshell.

Final Answer:

Between Ca²⁺ and Zn²⁺, Zn²⁺ is more stable because it has a completely filled 3d¹⁰ configuration, whereas Ca²⁺ has only a noble gas configuration without the added stability of a filled d-orbital.

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