Which organelle is responsible for protein synthesis in eukaryotic cells?

Ribosomes are cellular organelles that are found in both prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells. In eukaryotic cells, ribosomes play a critical role in protein synthesis. They are responsible for translating the genetic code stored in the DNA of the cell into functional proteins.

Ribosomes are composed of two subunits, a large subunit and a small subunit. Each subunit is made up of proteins and ribosomal RNA (rRNA). The subunits come together to form a functional ribosome when they attach to mRNA (messenger RNA) molecules in the cytoplasm of the cell. The ribosome reads the genetic code stored in the mRNA and uses it to assemble amino acids in the correct order to form a protein. Each amino acid is carried to the ribosome by a molecule called transfer RNA (tRNA), which has a specific sequence of nucleotides that matches a specific codon on the mRNA. The ribosome then catalyzes the formation of peptide bonds between adjacent amino acids to build the protein chain.