Which river valley civilization is considered the earliest in India?

The Indus Valley Civilization (also known as the Harappan Civilization) is considered the earliest civilization in India. It flourished around 2500 BCE along the Indus River and its tributaries, covering parts of modern-day Pakistan and northwest India. This civilization is known for its advanced urban planning, drainage systems, standardized weights, and writing system. Major cities such as Harappa and Mohenjo-Daro reveal sophisticated architecture and trade networks. The Indus Valley people engaged in agriculture, craftsmanship, and commerce. Their organized way of life marks the beginning of complex society and urban development in the Indian subcontinent.