Which two distinct microbial processes are responsible for the release of fixed nitrogen as dinitrogen gas $(N_{2})$ to the atmosphere?

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Aerobic nitrate oxidation and nitrite reduction

Anaerobic ammonium oxidation and denitrification

Decomposition of organic nitrogen and conversion of dinitrogen to ammonium compounds

Enteric fermentation in cattle and nitrogen fixation by Rhizobium in root nodules of legu mes

answer is D.

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Detailed Solution

Anammox (anaerobic ammonium oxidation), which is a reaction that oxidizes ammonium to dinitrogen gas using nitrite as the electron acceptor under anoxic conditions, was an important discovery in the nitrogen cycle.

Nitrate present in the soil is reduced to nitrogen by the process of denitrification. Denitrification is carried by bacteria Pseudomonas and Thiobacillus.

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