Which were the old Indian ports that declined in the mid-18th century?

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Calcutta, Bombay

Madras, Visakhapatnam

Surat, Hooghly

Surat, Madras

answer is C.

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Detailed Solution

Surat and Hooghly were the old Indian ports that declined in the mid-18th century. By the 1750s, the Indian trading network was in disarray. The European corporations quickly gained power by securing several concessions from local courts before acquiring commercial monopolies. The effect was a loss of commerce for the ancient ports of Surat and Hooghly, where local traders had operated. In the last years of the seventeenth century, Surat saw a total of Rs 16 million worth of trade. By the 1740s, it was only worth Rs 3 million. As Surat and Hoogly decayed, the ports of Bombay and Calcutta grew.

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