Which zone of a biosphere reserve allows no human activity?
(a) Transition
(b) Buffer
(c) Core
(d) All allow activity

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Detailed Solution

Correct answer: (c) Core

Core zone of a biosphere reserve is a strictly protected area where no human activity is permitted. Its purpose is to conserve intact ecosystems, genetic diversity, and natural processes with minimal disturbance. Only essential, non-intrusive actions by authorized personnel (e.g., ecological monitoring, patrolling, and strictly controlled research) may occur.

How biosphere reserve zoning works

Core: Totally protected; no extraction, settlement, grazing, tourism, or development. Focus: long-term conservation of species, habitats, and ecological processes.
Buffer: Surrounds the core; allows limited, regulated activities that do not harm the core (e.g., research, education, eco-tourism, habitat management).
Transition: Outermost zone; people live and work here using sustainable practices (agriculture, forestry, livelihoods) to demonstrate harmony between conservation and development.

Why the other options are incorrect

(a) Transition: Human activities and settlements are allowed with a sustainability focus.
(b) Buffer: Limited, non-destructive human uses are allowed under regulation.
(d) All allow activity: Incorrect because the core specifically prohibits human activity.

Final answer: (c) Core.

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