While measuring the thermal conductivity of a liquid, we keep the upper part hot and the lower part cool so that

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Radiation may be stopped

Heat conduction is easier downwards

Convection may be stopped

Both convection and radiation may be stopped

answer is A.

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Detailed Solution

While measuring thermal conductivity of a liquid, we want heat to transfer within the liquid by process of conduction. Other processes of heat conduction must be stopped.

When a liquid is heated at the bottom, hotter liquid at the bottom (which is lighter) moves up due to buoyancy. This enables convection to set in. We do not want this to happen.

By keeping upper part hotter and lower part colder, upper liquid remains lighter than lower liquid. It prevents convection from happening.

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