Who constituted the New-Middle class in Europe?

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Industrialists

Businessmen

Professionals

All of the above

answer is D.

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Detailed Solution

The New-Middle class in Europe constituted of industrialists, businessmen, and professionals.
The expansion of industrial trade and manufacturing in Western and portions of Central Europe led to the establishment of towns and the emergence of commercial classes whose existence depended on production for the market. Industrialization started in England in the second half of the eighteenth century, but it didn't happen until the nineteenth century in France and several of the German states. New social classes were created as a result, including the working class and the middle class, which were made up of industrialists, business people, and professionals. These tribes were less numerous in Central and Eastern Europe until the late eighteenth century. Ideas of national unity following the removal of aristocratic privileges became more popular among the educated, liberal middle classes.

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