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Q.

Who used to be the spiritual head of the Islamic world (the Khalifa)?

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a

The Ottoman Emperor

b

King of Saudi Arabia

c

Sultan of Brunei

d

None of the above  

answer is A.

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Detailed Solution

The Ottoman Emperor used to be the spiritual head of the Islamic world (the Khalifa).
However, after the defeat of Ottoman Turkey in the First World War, rumours sprang up that the Ottoman Emperor was going to be imposed with a harsh peace treaty. It was under these circumstances that the Khilafat Committee was formed in Bombay in March 1919, to defend the temporal powers of the Khalifa. Further, the Khilafat movement was launched by the Indian Muslims to restore the power and position of the Ottoman Caliph. This was also a crucial point in the Hindu-Muslim unity, dreamt of by Mahatma Gandhi.
 
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Who used to be the spiritual head of the Islamic world (the Khalifa)?