Who was the King of Italy in 1861?

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Victor Emmanuel II

Giuseppe Garibaldi

Count Cavour

None of the above

answer is A.

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Detailed Solution

The King of Italy in 1861 was Victor Emmanuel II. The "unification of Italy" process went as follows. Italy was divided into seven republics by the middle of the nineteenth century, but only one of them, Sardinia-Piedmont, was controlled by an Italian princely house. The Pope presided over the centre, the Austrian Habsburgs controlled the north, and the Spanish Bourbon kings dominated the south. Giuseppe Mazzini's Young Italy and Young Europe secret organisations served as the foundation for the eventual unification of Italy. Through a political partnership with France and the leadership of Chief Minister Cavour, Sardinia-Piedmont successfully defeated the Austrian armies in 1859. By defeating the Spanish Bourbon rulers with the help of his armed volunteers, known as " red shirts," Garibaldi was able to free the two Sicilian kingdoms. Victor Emmanuel II was crowned king of a unified Italy in 1861.

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