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Q.

Who were ‘Kalangs’ of Java?


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a

Farmers

b

Artisans

c

Skilled forest cutters and shifting cultivators.

d

Nomads 

answer is C.

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Detailed Solution

Kalangs are the skilled forest cutters and shifting cultivators of Java. Java is an Indonesian island with a population of about 41 million people. It is bordered on the south by the Indian Ocean and the north by the Java Sea. The Javanese Kalangs were a group of excellent forest cutters and farmers. When the Javanese kingdom of Mataram split in 1755, the 6,000 Kalang families were divided equally between the two kingdoms. During the 18th century, the Dutch began to invade Java, taking control of the island's woods and forcing Kalangs to work for them. In 1770, the Kalangs revolted against the Dutch authorities.
 
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