Why are coffee plantations located on the slopes of the Eastern Ghats?

Coffee plantations are located on the slopes of the Eastern Ghats because the terrain provides the ideal combination of well-drained soil, cooler temperatures, and suitable rainfall that the coffee plant needs to thrive. 

Well-Drained Soil

Coffee plants are highly sensitive to waterlogging. If water collects around their roots for too long, it can lead to a condition called root rot, which damages and eventually kills the plant.

The natural gradient of the hill slopes ensures that excess rainwater drains away quickly, keeping the soil moist but not waterlogged. This is the single most important reason why slopes are preferred over flat land for coffee cultivation.

Ideal Temperature and Elevation

Coffee, particularly the high-quality Arabica variety, grows best in a cool, moderate climate. The higher elevation of the hill slopes in the Eastern Ghats provides these favorable temperatures, which are much cooler than the hot plains below. This cooler climate is crucial for the slow, proper development of the coffee cherries, which leads to a better-tasting bean.

Suitable Rainfall and Shade

The Eastern Ghats receive adequate rainfall from the monsoons, which is essential for the coffee plant's growth. Furthermore, coffee plants thrive in filtered sunlight rather than harsh, direct sun. The slopes are often covered with a natural canopy of taller trees. Growing coffee under this canopy, a practice known as shade-grown coffee, protects the plants, helps the soil retain moisture, and contributes to the unique flavor of the coffee.