Why did some industrialists in the 19th century in Europe prefer hand labour over machines?

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None of the above

Machines were costly and ineffective

Both 1 and 2

Labour was available at low wages

answer is C.

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Detailed Solution

Some industrialists in the 19th century in Europe preferred hand labour over machines because labour was available at low wages in Britain and the machines were costly and ineffective.
Many vagrants and peasants moved to cities in search of work. When there is an excess of labour, wages are naturally low. If industrialists had to introduce machines, the cost of purchasing machines would have been enormous, and the maintenance of the machines was also costly. As a result, industrialists preferred manual labour over machines.

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