Why do Borders have a closed reference to African pastoralists?

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Pastoralists could move freely

Pastoralists were forced to live within confines of special reserves

Pastoralists had to issue permits

Pastoralists were not permitted to enter markets.

answer is B.

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Detailed Solution

Borders have a close reference to African pastoralists due to Pastoralists were forced to live within the confines of special reserves.
Ordinary people in Africa, who were members of pastoral communities, faced many challenges during the colonial period. After the invasion, Maasiland was divided into two halves. White settlements occupied the best grazing, and Maasai was pushed into a small area. Pastoral groups were also forced to live within the confines of special reserves whose boundaries became the limits they could now move within. Large areas of grazing land were also turned into a game. Maasai had to get a permit to move with their livestock. They weren’t allowed to enter the market in the white area and were prohibited from doing trade.

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