Why do muscles cramp?

Muscle cramps occur when muscle fibers contract involuntarily and fail to relax. Causes include dehydration, loss of electrolytes like sodium, potassium, or magnesium, excessive exercise, or prolonged inactivity. Poor blood circulation and nerve compression can also trigger cramps. In athletes, cramps often follow intense workouts without proper stretching or hydration. Older adults or individuals with certain medical conditions, such as diabetes or thyroid problems, are more prone to cramping. Gentle stretching, adequate hydration, and electrolyte balance can help prevent them. Persistent or severe cramps may indicate underlying health issues.