Why Does an Aqueous Solution of an Acid Conduct Electricity?

An aqueous solution of an acid conducts electricity because acids dissociate in water to release ions—specifically hydrogen ions (H⁺) and the corresponding negative ions (anions). These ions are charged particles that move freely in solution, allowing the solution to conduct an electric current.

When an acid like hydrochloric acid (HCl) dissolves in water, it splits into H⁺ and Cl^- ions. The movement of these ions under the influence of an electric field enables the flow of electricity through the solution. The higher the concentration of ions, the better the conductivity.

Real-World Example

Electrolytes in sports drinks work on the same principle—providing ions that help conduct electrical signals in the body, essential for muscle function and hydration.

Actionable Insights

• Only solutions with free-moving ions can conduct electricity; pure water is a poor conductor.
• Understanding this principle is crucial in fields like chemistry, biology, and medicine.