Why Indian cows have a hump and its function

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Detailed Solution

Indian cows have a hump because they are zebu cattle; the hump is a thick muscular and connective-tissue mass that helps with heat tolerance, work efficiency, and body balance in hot, hard conditions.

What the hump is

The hump sits over the shoulders. It is made mainly of strong muscles and connective tissue, with some fat. It connects to neck and shoulder structures that support pulling and movement. The hump is a natural feature of Bos taurus indicus breeds.

Main functions of the hump

Heat handling: The raised mass changes airflow over the back and increases exposed surface area. Along with loose skin and large dewlap, it aids cooling.
Work support: The shoulder and neck get extra support for yoke work and long walking. This is useful for ploughing and carting.
Energy buffer: Some breeds store modest energy in and around the area, which helps during feed scarcity.
Breed identity: The hump is a visual marker of indicine cattle, signaling adaptation to tropical stress.

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