Why is the nucleus called the brain of the cell?

In eukaryotic cells, the nucleus is a vital organelle that contains the majority of the cell’s genetic material. This genetic material is enclosed within a double-layered nuclear membrane and is organized into chromosomes, which are formed from DNA molecules and associated proteins.

The nucleus is generally situated within the cytoplasm (the fluid that fills the cell). While it is often found near the center, its position can vary. The nucleus typically occupies about 10% of the cell’s volume.

Within the nucleus, the DNA regulates the synthesis of ribosomes and proteins, thereby controlling essential cellular functions. The nucleus not only directs activities such as growth, metabolism, and reproduction but also safeguards the cell’s genetic information.

Because of these critical roles, the nucleus is often referred to as the “brain of the cell.”

Note:

A cell is made up of three main components:

• Cell membrane – the protective outer covering.
• Cytoplasm – the gel-like substance between the membrane and nucleus, containing fine fibers and numerous organelles.
• Nucleus – the control center of the cell.

Organelles within the cytoplasm perform specialized tasks such as providing structural support, absorbing nutrients, converting nutrients into energy, and aiding in cell replication. Together, these components ensure the survival and proper functioning of the cell.