Write any six characteristics of Thallophyta

Six characteristics of Thallophyta (a group of simple non-vascular plants, e.g., algae, fungi, lichens) are: thallus body, lack of true roots/stems/leaves, simple reproductive organs, may be aquatic, photosynthetic (in algae), reproduction often by spores, filamentous or simple structure.

Details:

• Body is a thallus (undifferentiated plant body) not differentiated into roots, stems, leaves.
• Generally non-vascular (no xylem or phloem) — limits size and internal transport.
• Often aquatic or in moist habitats (particularly algae part) though fungi and lichens also fall in traditional Thallophyta group.
• Reproduction mostly by simple organs: spores, asexual methods (fragmentation, budding) and simple sexual organs in some.
• Filamentous, sheet-like or unicellular structure: e.g., algal filaments, fungal hyphae, lichens as symbiosis.
• Photosynthetic (in algal members) or saprophytic/parasitic (in fungal members). Thallophyta is a catch-all group historically for lower plants.