Write short note on any one of the following:

Global warming refers to the gradual increase in Earth's average surface temperature due to the accumulation of greenhouse gases (GHGs) like carbon dioxide (CO₂), methane (CH₄), and nitrous oxide (N₂O) in the atmosphere. These gases trap heat from the sun, creating a "greenhouse effect," which leads to rising global temperatures.

Causes of Global Warming:

1. Human Activities: Burning fossil fuels, deforestation, and industrial processes release large amounts of GHGs.
2. Natural Factors: Volcanic eruptions and natural greenhouse gas emissions contribute to warming but to a lesser extent.

Effects of Global Warming:

• Melting Ice Caps and Rising Sea Levels: Threatening coastal areas and small islands.
• Extreme Weather Events: Increased frequency of hurricanes, droughts, and floods.
• Impact on Ecosystems: Disruption of habitats and extinction of species unable to adapt.
• Health Risks: Spread of diseases and heat-related illnesses.

Solutions

• Reducing GHG emissions by transitioning to renewable energy sources like solar and wind.
• Afforestation and reforestation to absorb CO₂.
• Promoting energy efficiency and adopting sustainable practices.

Global warming is a pressing issue that requires immediate global cooperation to mitigate its impact and protect the planet for future generations.