Write short notes on uniform speed and uniform velocity; give examples

Uniform speed means constant rate of covering distance, while uniform velocity means constant speed in a straight line without changing direction.

A body has uniform speed if it covers equal distances in equal intervals of time, no matter how small the intervals are. Direction may change. Speed is scalar, so only magnitude matters. A car going around a circular track at 40 km/h has uniform speed but not uniform velocity because its direction keeps changing.

Uniform velocity

A body has uniform velocity if both its speed and direction remain constant. This requires motion in a straight line with no acceleration. If either magnitude or direction changes, velocity is not uniform. A train moving east along a straight track at 60 km/h for a long stretch is a good example.

Equations

• Speed v = s/t when speed is uniform, where s is distance and t is time.
• Velocity vector ⃗v = Δ⃗x/Δt; uniform velocity implies Δ⃗x grows linearly with t in a fixed direction.