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Q.

Write the difference between inhalation and exhalation?

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Detailed Solution

Feature	Inhalation (Breathing in)	Exhalation (Breathing out)
Diaphragm	Contracts, moves down	Relaxes, moves up
External intercostals	Contract, ribs up & out	Relax, ribs down & in
Thoracic volume	Increases	Decreases
Intrapulmonary pressure	Falls below atmospheric	Rises above atmospheric
Air movement	Air flows into lungs	Air flows out of lungs
Lung alveoli	Fill and expand	Recoil and empty
Gas change direction	O₂ enters blood, CO₂ leaves blood	CO₂ enters airways from blood
Energy requirement	Active process (muscle contraction)	Usually passive (elastic recoil)
Accessory muscles	Used in deep/forced inspiration	Abdominals/internal intercostals in forced expiration
Air composition	Inspired air: higher O₂, lower CO₂	Expired air: lower O₂, higher CO₂

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