Q.

In cactus like Opuntia, the modified stem and modified leaves are respectively

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a

Phylloclade and thorns

b

Phyllode and spines

c

Phyllode and thorns

d

Phylloclade and spines

answer is D.

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Detailed Solution

In the cactus Opuntia, the modified stem is aerial, fleshy, green and flat involved in photosynthesis and called as Phylloclade. It has modified leaves known as spines that protect the plant from grazing animals and minimising transpiration.
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In cactus like Opuntia, the modified stem and modified leaves are respectively