First slide

Ecological Succession

Question

Consider the following statements.
(A) The first biotic community that develops in a bare area is called pioneer community.
(B) In hydrosere or hydrarch succession the pioneer community is lichens.
Select the correct option.

Easy

A

Both (A) and (B) are true.
B

(A) is true but (B) is false.
C

(A) is false but (B) is true.
D

Both (A) and (B) are false.

Solution

The species that invade a bare area are called pioneer species. In primary succession on rocks these are usually lichens which are able to secrete acids to dissolve rock, helping in weathering and soil formation. In primary succession in water, the pioneers are the small phytoplanktons, which are replaced with time by rooted-submerged plants, rooted-floating angiosperms followed by free-floating plants, then reed-swamp, marsh-meadow, scrubs and finally the climax trees are formed with gradual development of mesic conditions from hydric conditions.

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