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a
gamete formation.
b
spore formation.
c
formation of prothallus.
d
formation of sex organs.
answer is B.
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Detailed Solution
Dryopteris is a pteridophyte. The main plant body pteridophyte is sporophytic. The sex organs are formed on the gametophytic plant body and therefore the gametes are produced by mitosis. The sporangia produce spores by meiosis in spore mother cells. The spores germinate to give rise to inconspicuous, small but multicellular, free-living, mostly photosynthetic thalloid gametophytes called prothallus.