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a
Primary xylem
b
Sap wood
c
Secondary phloem
d
Heart wood
answer is D.
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Detailed Solution
During secondary growth, pit membrane of xylem parenchyma is extended into the tracheary elements of heart wood in the form of balloon like structures and block the lumen of tracheary elements to make the xylem useless for conduction. Such balloon like structures are called as tyloses.