These processes occur in template independent manner.
I. Capping of mRNA in eukaryotes
II. Tailing of mRNA in eukaryotes.
III. Transcription
IV. DNA replication
Capping is done at 5ʹ end of mRNA by addition of 7-methyl guanosine triphosphate in template independent manner. At the 3ʹ end about 200 to 300 adenylate residues are added during tailing in template independent manner. Transcription and DNA replication occur in template dependent manner.