Which of the following are methods of gene transfer in the process of recombinant DNA technology?a. Calcium chloride treatment (bacterial cells) followed by thermal shock.b. Microinjectionc. Elutiond. Biolistic method

Calcium chloride treatment, microinjection and biolistics are methods of gene transfer. Calcium chloride treatment renders the bacterial cell wall permeable to the recombinant vectors. In microinjection the rDNA sent into the nucleus of animal cells with the help of micro-pipette. In biolistic method plant cells or tissues are bombarded with micro particles of gold or tungsten coated with foreign DNA at high speed to incorporate the rDNA.