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a
Forming Si complex with clay particles.
b
Sulphate part which combines with the dirt and removes it.
c
Aluminium which coagulates the mud particles.
d
Making the mud water soluble.
answer is C.
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Detailed Solution
Alum helps in purifying water by coagulating the mud particles forming a gelatinous precipitate. Due to coagulation of mud particles, size of particle increase and the become heavy and settle down at the bottom by which water is purified.