First slide

Theory of dilute solutions

Question

Consider the following solutions:
I. 1 M sucrose
II. 1 M KCI
III. 1 M benzoic acid in benzene
IV. 1 M (NH₄)₃PO₄
Which of the following is/are true?

Moderate

A

All solutions are isotonic.
B

III is hypotonic of I, II, and IV
C

I, II, and III are hypertonic of IV
D

IV is hypertonic of I, II, and III.

Solution

The solutions which have the same osmotic pressure are called isotonic solutions.
Osmotic pressure = ${iC}_{s} T$
where i is the van't Hoff factor, c is the concentration of the solute and T is the temperature.
In the given four solutions, 'i' is maximum for IV as it has a maximum number of ions. So IV is hypertonic with respect to others and III is hypotonic of I,II and IV

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