First slide

Benzene

Question

Consider the nitration of benzene using mixture of conc. $H_{2} {SO}_{4}$ and ${HNO}_{3}$ . If a large amount of ${KHSO}_{4}$ is added to the mixture, the rate of nitration will be

Moderate

A

Unchanged
B

Doubled
C

Faster
D

Slower

Solution

Mechanism of nitration is :
${HNO}_{3} + 2 H_{2} {SO}_{4} ⟶ {NO}_{2}^{+} + 2 {HSO}_{4}^{-} + H_{3} O^{+}$
If a large amount of ${KHSO}_{4}$ is added then conc. of $HS {O_{4}}^{-}$ ions increases and the reaction will be shifted in backward direction hence, the rate of nitration will be slower.

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