Copper is the most noble of first row transition metals and occurs in small deposits in several countries. Ores of copper include chalcanthite $$CuSO4$$⋅$$5H2O$$ atacanite $$Cu2Cl(OH)3$$ cuprite $$Cu2O$$ copper glance $$Cu2S$$, and malachite $$Cu2(OH)2CO3$$. However, $$80$$% of the world copper production comes from the ore chalcopyrite $$CuFeS2$$. The extraction of copper from chalcopyrite involves partial roasing, removal of iron and $$self-reduction$$.Partial roasting of chalcopyrite producesIron is removed from chalcopyrite asIn $$self-reduction$$, the reducing species is

Question

Copper is the most noble of first row transition metals and occurs in small deposits in several countries. Ores of copper include chalcanthite $$CuSO4$$⋅$$5H2O$$ atacanite $$Cu2Cl(OH)3$$ cuprite $$Cu2O$$ copper glance $$Cu2S$$, and malachite $$Cu2(OH)2CO3$$. However, $$80$$% of the world copper production comes from the ore chalcopyrite $$CuFeS2$$. The extraction of copper from chalcopyrite involves partial roasing, removal of iron and $$self-reduction$$.Partial roasting of chalcopyrite producesIron is removed from chalcopyrite asIn $$self-reduction$$, the reducing species is

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During partial roasting, $$CuFeS2$$ is first converted to $$Cu2S$$ and FeS. Further, as iron is more reactive than copper, FeS. is preferentially oxidised to FeO. This partial roasting of chalcopyrite produces $$Cu2S$$ and FeO.$$CuFeS2+O2$$⟶Δ$$Cu2S+2FeS+SO22FeS+O2$$⟶Δ$$Cu2S+2FeS+SO2The$$ partially roasted ore is mixed with silica and little coke and then is heated in a blast furnace when FeO, which is present as impurity is removed as ferrous silicate slag. $$FeOSiO2$$⟶$$FeSiO3$$↓During $$self-reduction$$, $$Cu2S$$, i.e. $$S2$$−$$-$$ ion acts as a reducing species and hence reduces $$Cu2O$$ to Cu metal.$$Cu2S+2Cu2O$$⟶$$6Cu+SO2$$

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