From the following table

Buffer solution volume of 0.1M weak acid(in ml) volume of 0.1M sodium salt of weak acid (in ml)

I. 4.0 4.0

II. 4.0 40.0

III. 40.0 4.0

IV. 0.1 10

Which of the two sets of buffer solutions have least pH ?

Moderate

Solution

P^H of an acidic buffer is given by,
$P^{H} = P^{K_{a}} + \log \frac{[salt]}{[acid]}$
$I . P^{H} = P^{K_{a}} + \log \frac{4 \times 0.1}{4 \times 0.1} = P^{K_{a}}$
$II . P^{H} = P^{K_{a}} + \log \frac{40 \times 0.1}{4 \times 0.1} = P^{K_{a}} + 1$
$III . P^{H} = P^{K_{a}} + \log \frac{4 \times 0.1}{40 \times 0.1} = P^{K_{a}} - 1$
$IV \cdot P^{H} = P^{K_{a}} + \log \frac{10 \times 0.1}{0.1 \times 0.1} = P^{K_{a}} + 2$

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Buffer solution	volume of 0.1M weak acid(in ml)	volume of 0.1M sodium salt of weak acid (in ml)
I.	4.0	4.0
II.	4.0	40.0
III.	40.0	4.0
IV.	0.1	10