Q.

Hybridization of central atom in Carbonate ion is

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a

sp2

b

sp

c

sp3

d

sp3d

answer is A.

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Detailed Solution

Number of electron pairs(EP)=V+M-C+A2; V=Group number of central atom; M=-H, -X, -OH....monovalent groups attached to central atom ; C=Charge of cation ; A=Charge of anion...1 in NO3-, 1 in NO2-, 1 in ClO4-,1 in ClO3-,1 in ClO2-,1 in ClO-,2 in CO32- ;                               ....2 in SO32-, 2 in SO42-, 3 in PO43-, ; V=2,3.4,5,6,7,8 respectively for 2nd,13th,14th,15th, 16th,  17th, 18th group elements ; Number bond pairs, BP(according to VSEPR theory)=Number of atoms directly attached to central atom;                                                                                 =3 for CO32- ***According to VSEPR theory, double bond and triple bond are counted as one bond pair only ; If the bonded atom is Oxygen..... Magnitude of Oxidation state of central atom= Total bonds ; Number of atoms directly attached to central atom=sigma bonds ; Total bonds-sigma bonds = pi bonds ; Number lone pairs on central atom(LP)=EP-BP ;                                                              =0 in CO32- ; CO32--'3' bp +'0' lp on central atom ; sp2-Trigonal planar ;                                                                   ....Orientation of electron pairs....Trigonal ;                                                                  ....Total 8 lone pairs/molecule ;  Note; Each double bonded oxygen atom has '2' lone pairs on it ;           Each single bonded oxygen atom with a negative charge has three lone pairs on it ; CO32- : Magnitude of Oxidation state of central atom= Total bonds=4 ; Number of atoms directly attached to central atom=sigma bonds=3 ; Total bonds-sigma bonds = pi bonds='1'.....1' pπ-pπ ; It has three resonance structures ; C-O bond order=Total bondsTotal resonance structures=43=1.33 ;
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