First slide

Aplicaitons of VBT

Question

Nickel (Z = 28) combines with a uninegative monodentate ligand $X^{-}$ to form a paramagnetic complex [NiX₄]^2-. The number of unpaired electron(s) in the nickel and geometry of this complex ion are, respectively:

Easy

A

One, tetrahedral
B

Two, tetrahedral
C

One, square planar
D

Two, square planar

Solution

If $X^{-}$ is weak field ligand (say ${Cl}^{-}$ ) then ${[{NiCl}_{4}]}^{2 -}$ is tetrahedral (sp³) with two unpaired electrons. If $X^{-}$ is strong field ligand (say ${CN}^{-}$ ), then ${[Ni {(CN)}_{4}]}^{2 -}$ is square planar (dsp²) with no unpaired electron. Also given ${[{NiX}_{4}]}^{2 -}$ is paramagnetic.

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