Q.
Number of lone pairs on bonded atoms in Sulphate ion is ‘X’. Number of pi bonds in Carbonate ion is ‘Y’. Difference between X and Y is
Moderate
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a
8
b
7
c
9
d
10
answer is C.
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Detailed Solution
Number of electron pairs(EP)=V+M-C+A2; V=Group number of central atom; M=-H, -X, -OH....monovalent groups attached to central atom ; C=Charge of cation ; A=Charge of anion ; V=2,3.4,5,6,7,8 respectively for 2nd,13th,14th,15th, 16th, 17th, 18th group elements ; Number bond pairs, BP(according to VSEPR theory)=Number of atoms directly attached to central atom; =4,4,3,3 respectively in SO42-,PO43- CO32-,,SO32- ; ***According to VSEPR theory, double bond and triple bond are counted as one bond pair only ; If the bonded atom is Oxygen..... Magnitude of Oxidation state of central atom= Total bonds ; Number of atoms directly attached to central atom=sigma bonds ; Total bonds-sigma bonds = pi bonds ; Number lone pairs on central atom(LP)=EP-BP ; =0,0,0,1 respectively in SO42-,PO43- CO32-,,SO32- ; Note : Each bivalent oxygen atom has '2' lone pairs on it ; Each monovalent oxygen atom with negative charge has '3' lone pairs on it SO42--'4' bp +'0' lp on central atom ; sp3-Tetrahedral ; Total 10 lone pairs/ion ; 10 lone pairs on bonded atoms ; ....Orientation of electron pairs....Tetrahedral ; PO43--'4' bp +'0' lp on central atom ; sp3-Tetrahedral ; Total 11 lone pairs/ion ; 11 lone pairs on bonded atoms ; ....Orientation of electron pairs....Tetrahedral ; CO32--'3' bp +'0' lp on central atom ; sp2-Trigonal planar ; Total 8 lone pairs/ion ; 8 lone pairs on bonded atoms ....Orientation of electron pairs....Trigonal planar ; SO32--'3' bp +'1' lp on central atom ; sp3-Pyramidal; Total 9 lone pairs/ion ; 8 lone pairs on bonded atoms ....Orientation of electron pairs....Tetrahedral ; SO42- ; Magnitude of oxidation number =Total bonds = 6 ; Number of atoms directly attached to central atom = Number of sigma bonds = 4 ; Number of pi bonds = Total bonds - sigma bonds = 2 ...... '0' pπ-pπ and '2' dπ-pπ bonds ; PO43- ; Magnitude of oxidation number =Total bonds = 5 ; Number of atoms directly attached to central atom = Number of sigma bonds = 4 ; Number of pi bonds = Total bonds - sigma bonds = 1 ...... '0' pπ-pπ and '1' dπ-pπ bonds ; SO32- ; Magnitude of oxidation number =Total bonds = 4 ; Number of atoms directly attached to central atom = Number of sigma bonds = 3 ; Number of pi bonds = Total bonds - sigma bonds = 1 ...... '0' pπ-pπ and '1' dπ-pπ bonds ; CO32- ; Magnitude of oxidation number =Total bonds = 4 ; Number of atoms directly attached to central atom = Number of sigma bonds = 3 ; Number of pi bonds = Total bonds - sigma bonds = 1 ...... '1' pπ-pπ and '0' dπ-pπ bonds ;
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