Q.

Number of sigma bonds in Phosphate ion is ‘X’. Number lone pairs in Phosphate ion is ‘Y’. Difference between X and Y is

Moderate

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a

7

b

6

c

8

d

5

answer is A.

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Detailed Solution

Number of electron pairs(EP)=V+M-C+A2; V=Group number of central atom; M=-H, -X, -OH....monovalent groups attached to central atom ; C=Charge of cation ; A=Charge of anion...1 in NO3-, 1 in NO2-, 1 in ClO4-,1 in ClO3-,1 in ClO2-,1 in ClO-,2 in CO32- ;                               ....2 in SO32-, 2 in SO42-, 3 in PO43-, ; V=2,3.4,5,6,7,8 respectively for 2nd,13th,14th,15th, 16th,  17th, 18th group elements ; Number bond pairs, BP(according to VSEPR theory)=Number of atoms directly attached to central atom;                                                                                 =4 for PO43- ***According to VSEPR theory, double bond and triple bond are counted as one bond pair only ; If the bonded atom is Oxygen..... Magnitude of Oxidation state of central atom= Total bonds ; Number of atoms directly attached to central atom=sigma bonds ; Total bonds-sigma bonds = pi bonds ; Number lone pairs on central atom(LP)=EP-BP ;                                                              =0 in PO43- ; PO43--'4' bp +'0' lp on central atom ; sp3-Tetrahedral ;                                                                   ....Orientation of electron pairs....Tetrahedral ;                                                                  ....Total 11 lone pairs/molecule ;  Note; Each double bonded oxygen atom has '2' lone pairs on it ;           Each single bonded oxygen atom with a negative charge has three lone pairs on it ; PO43- : Magnitude of Oxidation state of central atom= Total bonds=5 ; Number of atoms directly attached to central atom=sigma bonds=4 ; Total bonds-sigma bonds =1 pi bond.....'1' dπ-pπ bond ; Number of resonance structures=4 ; P-O bond order =Total bondsTotal resonance structures=54=1.25 ;
ctaimg

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