First slide

Hardness of water

Question

The reagent(s) used for softening the temporary hardness of water are
a) Ca₃(PO₄)₂
b) Ca(OH)₂
c) Na₂CO₃
d) NaOCl

Easy

A

Only a & b
B

Only b & d
C

Only b & c
D

Only a & d

Solution

Temporary hardness of water is due to the presence of soluble bicarbonates of Ca & Mg
i.e,. Ca(HCO₃)2 Ag(HCO₃)₂
The temporary hardness of water is removed by 3-ways in all these 3-Process soluble bicarbonates converting into insoluble carbonates
(1) By boiling
(2) By heating with washing soda [ ${Na}_{2} {CO}_{3} . 10 H_{2} O$ ]
(3) By clark's process: Reagent used in this process is Ca(OH)₂.

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