First slide

Fundamentals of thermodynamics

Question

The second law of thermodynamics is a fundamental law of science. In this problem, we consider the thermodynamics of an ideal gas, phase transition, and chemical equilibrium. Three moles of CO₂ gas expands isothermally (in thermal contact with the surroundings; temperature = 15.0°C) against volume fixed external pressure of 1.00 bar. The initial and final volume of the gas are 10.0 L and 30.0 L, respectively.

Moderate

Question

Select the correct order of the entropy change.

Solution

In expansion of CO, gas molecule, entropy of system $Δ_{sys} S increases or Δ_{sys} S > 0$ and entropy of surrounding decreases $Δ_{surr} S < 0$ .

Question

Assuming CO₂to be an ideal gas, $∆$ _sysS is

Solution

$- Work done = q = n R T \ln \frac{V_{2}}{V_{1}}$
$= 3 \times 8.314 \times 288.15 \times \ln (\frac{30}{10})$
$∴ Δ S = \frac{q}{T}$
$or Δ_{sys} S = \frac{3 \times 8.314 \times 288.15 \times \ln \frac{30}{10}}{288.15} = 27.4 {JK}^{- 1}$

Question

$Δ_{surr} S is$

Solution

.entropy of surroundings should be less than zero

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