a-p;q;r,b-r;s,c-q;r,d-p;q

(a) p, q, r:

(q) m =0 present in all orbitals
2 + 2 + 2 + 2 + 2 + 2 + I = 13 (minimum)
(r) Atom is paramagnetic. (It is a transition element.)

(b) r, s;

(r) Na (Z = ll) = 1s² 2s² 2p⁶ 3s¹ (n - l)
Na²⁺ = 2p⁵ (n = l)
Number of unpaired electron in Na²⁺ = I
m =0 (present in all orbitals.)
2+2+2+l = 7(minimum)

(s) Atom is paramagnetic. (It is not a transition element.)

(c) q, r;

$\mathrm{Mn}(\mathrm{Z}=25)=1{\mathrm{s}}^{2}2{\mathrm{s}}^{2}2{\mathrm{p}}^{6}3{\mathrm{s}}^{2}3{\mathrm{p}}^{6}4{\mathrm{s}}^{2}3{\mathrm{d}}^5$

${\mathrm{Mn}}^{2+}=3{\mathrm{d}}^5$

m = 0 (present in all orbitals.)
m = 2+2+2+2+2+2+ 1= 13
Number of unpaired electron in Mn²⁺ = 5
Atom is paramagnetic.
It is a transition element

(d) p, q

$\mathrm{Pd}(\mathrm{Z}=46)=1{\mathrm{s}}^{2}2{\mathrm{s}}^{2}2{\mathrm{p}}^{6}3{\mathrm{s}}^{2}3{\mathrm{p}}^{6}4{\mathrm{s}}^{2}3{\mathrm{d}}^{10}4{\mathrm{p}}^{6}5{\mathrm{s}}^{2}4{\mathrm{d}}^8$

${\mathrm{Pd}}^{2+}=4{\mathrm{d}}^8$

Number of unpaired electron in Pd²⁺ = 2

m = 0 present in all orbitals.

m = 2+2+ 2+ 2+2+ 2+2+2+ 2+ 1 = 19

Atom is diamagnetic.
It is a transition element.